Nations sign cluster-bomb ban; US, Russia refuse

OSLO, Norway-Afghanistan unexpectedly joined dozens of nations signing a treaty banning cluster bombs in an effort that supporters hope will shame the U.S., Russia and China and other non-signers into abandoning weapons blamed for maiming and killing civilians. Activists welcomed the change in policy from the war-torn nation, which appeared to have been swayed by a teenager who lost his legs to a cluster bomb and lobbied the Afghan delegation to sign the treaty."It is just so huge to get this turnaround. Afghanistan was under a lot of pressure from the United States," said Thomas Nash, coordinator of The Cluster Bomb Coalition. "If Afghanistan can withstand the pressure, so can others."Cluster bomblets are packed by the hundreds into artillery shells, bombs or missiles that scatter them over vast areas. Some fail to explode immediately. The unexploded bomblets can then lie dormant for years until they are disturbed, often by children attracted by their small size and bright colors."Banning cluster bombs took too long. Too many people lost arms and legs," Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg said as he opened the conference.Washington, Moscow and other non-signers say cluster bombs have legitimate military uses such as repelling advancing troop columns. But according to the group Handicap International, 98 percent of cluster-bomb victims are civilians, and 27 percent are children.Norway, which began the drive to ban cluster bombs 18 months ago, was the first to sign, followed by Laos and Lebanon, both hard-hit by the weapons. Britain, formerly a major stockpiler of cluster munitions, also signed the treaty.Soraj Ghulan Habib, a 17-year-old wheelchair-bound Afghan, said he lobbied his country's delegation, including Afghanistan's ambassador to Norway, Jawed Ludin, to sign the treaty. Habib said he lost both legs in a cluster bomb explosion seven years ago."I explained to the ambassador my situation, and that the people of Afghanistan wanted a ban," he said through an interpreter. Habib said the ambassador called Afghan President Hamid Karzai, who agreed to change his stance."Today is a historic day," Habib said.Norwegian Foreign Minister Jonas Gahr Stoere said 92 countries signed the treaty on Wednesday. Organizers hoped more than 100 of the 125 countries represented would have signed by the end of the conference on Thursday.The Bush administration has said that a comprehensive ban would hurt world security and endanger U.S. military cooperation on humanitarian work with countries that sign the Convention on Cluster Munitions accord, or CCM."Although we share the humanitarian concerns of states signing the CCM, we will not be joining them," a U.S. State Department statement said. "The CCM constitutes a ban on most types of cluster munitions; such a general ban on cluster munitions will put the lives of our military men and women, and those of our coalition partners, at risk."British Foreign Secretary David Miliband said his signing the treaty shows that a NATO country can defend itself without cluster weapons.He called on the U.S. and other countries to join the alliance, saying "the only real deal is a global deal." Miliband said he would urge the new administration of President-elect Barack Obama to reconsider the U.S. stance on cluster munitions.Steve Goose, arms director of Human Rights Watch, called on Obama "to make joining the cluster ban treaty a top priority" and said the treaty would save lives by stigmatizing the weapons.In Jerusalem, Israeli Foreign Ministry spokesman Yigal Palmor said his government had decided not to join the treaty, and instead believes the issue of cluster bomb use should be addressed through the U.N. Convention on Conventional Weapons."We're not participating in the Norwegian track because we don't think it can lead to any serious credible result," Palmor said.Nash, of The Cluster Bomb Coalition, noted that 18 of 26 NATO countries are signing it including Britain, which already is destroying its stockpiles of what he called "Cold War weapons."Activists said ahead of the signing that they hope the treaty will pressure non-signers into shelving the weapons, as many did with land mines after a 1997 treaty banning them.The anti-cluster bomb campaign gathered momentum after Israel's monthlong war against Hezbollah in 2006, when it scattered up to 4 million bomblets across Lebanon, according to U.N. figures."In southern Lebanon, for more than two years, children and the elderly have been victimized (by cluster munitions)," Lebanese Foreign Minister Fawzi Saloukh said.Norway called a conference to ban cluster bombs in February 2007. In May, more than 100 countries agreed in Ireland to ban cluster bombs within eight years.The treaty must be ratified by 30 countries before it takes effect.
AP writer Shawna Ohm in Jerusalem contributed to this report.
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